更新時(shí)間：2021-06-02
文章來(lái)源：http://www.djfrj.net.cn/
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音響在擴聲方面，需要通過(guò)電聲來(lái)控制和提升室內的一直，對于戶(hù)外音視頻系統來(lái)說(shuō)，戶(hù)外的音質(zhì)是由電聲系統來(lái)設計和控制的，它設計的目的是為了保護音響系統的聲源和末端揚聲器，讓它們可以在一個(gè)聲場(chǎng)區域內，讓觀(guān)眾能夠感受到真實(shí)的聲源，提升效果，因此在設計音響工程的時(shí)候，要掌握的方法，那么大家了解音響工程的施工方法嗎?是不是不清楚呢?接下來(lái)我們一起來(lái)看看吧!
In the aspect of sound reinforcement, it is necessary to control and improve the indoor sound quality through electro sound. For outdoor audio and video system, the outdoor sound quality is designed and controlled by electro sound system. The purpose of its design is to protect the sound source and end speaker of sound system, so that they can be in a sound field area, so that the audience can feel the real sound source and improve the effect, Therefore, in the design of sound engineering, to master the method, then we understand the construction method of professional sound engineering? Is it not clear? Next, let's have a look!
一、擴聲系統的設計條件
1、 Design conditions of sound reinforcement system
為了達到良好的音質(zhì)，擴聲系統的設計需要滿(mǎn)足一些必要的條件，這是整個(gè)音響系統聲學(xué)指標設計的基本要求。
In order to achieve good sound quality, the design of sound reinforcement system needs to meet some necessary conditions, which is the basic requirement of the acoustic index design of the whole sound system.
1、需要低背景噪音
1. Low background noise is required
用于擴聲的大廳和房間需要具有低背景噪音。噪音可能不僅在室外XZM語(yǔ)料，也可能在室內XZM語(yǔ)料，如移動(dòng)時(shí)空調、通風(fēng)設備和光學(xué)設備產(chǎn)生的噪音。應采取措施盡可能降低聽(tīng)力環(huán)境的噪音。
Halls and rooms used for sound reinforcement need to have low background noise. Noise may be generated not only in outdoor XZM corpus, but also in indoor XZM corpus, such as mobile spatiotemporal modulation, ventilation equipment and optical equipment. Measures should be taken to reduce the noise in the listening environment as much as possible.
過(guò)大的噪音將導致擴聲系統的清晰度和可懂度降低，這使得音響系統難以達到所需的音質(zhì)。增加設備的輸出功率以提高輸出聲壓級可能導致聲音反饋，使系統無(wú)法穩定工作。
Excessive noise will reduce the clarity and intelligibility of the sound reinforcement system, which makes it difficult for the sound system to achieve the required sound quality. Increasing the output power of the equipment to improve the output sound pressure level may lead to sound feedback, which makes the system unable to work stably.
2、音響工程應具有均勻合理的聲壓級
2. Professional sound engineering should have uniform and reasonable sound pressure level
根據不同類(lèi)型的擴聲要求室內聲壓級達到一定值。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，音樂(lè )放大應達到平均聲壓級80~85分貝，語(yǔ)言放大70~75分貝，背景音樂(lè )60~70分貝，不均勻性應控制在4分貝以?xún)?。這就要求擴聲系統要有足夠的輸出功率和聲音增益，室內聲場(chǎng)要均勻擴散，近時(shí)反射聲要充分合理利用，音箱的輻射特性和放置位置要合理選擇。
According to different types of sound reinforcement requirements, the indoor sound pressure level reaches a certain value. Specifically, music amplification should reach an average sound pressure level of 80 ~ 85 dB, language amplification of 70 ~ 75 dB, background music of 60 ~ 70 dB, and non-uniformity should be controlled within 4 dB. This requires that the sound reinforcement system should have enough output power and sound gain, the indoor sound field should be evenly diffused, the near-time reflected sound should be fully and reasonably utilized, and the radiation characteristics and placement position of the speaker should be reasonably selected.
3、確保清晰
3. Ensure clarity
擴聲系統應確保聲音的清晰度和語(yǔ)言的可懂度。這一要求對于語(yǔ)音強化場(chǎng)合尤為重要，一般認為輔音清晰度的容許損失率不應超過(guò)15%。對于主要專(zhuān)注于音樂(lè )回放或擴聲的廳堂，這個(gè)指標可以適當放寬，但需要更好的音效。
The sound reinforcement system shall ensure the clarity of sound and the intelligibility of language. This requirement is particularly important for speech enhancement. It is generally believed that the allowable loss rate of consonant articulation should not exceed 15%. For halls that mainly focus on music playback or sound reinforcement, this index can be relaxed appropriately, but better sound effects are needed.
4、音響工程應確保系統能夠穩定工作
4. Professional audio engineering should ensure that the system can work stably
當音響系統達到規定的平均聲壓級時(shí)，應具有足夠的聲音反饋穩定裕度，以確保系統不會(huì )因反饋而自激和尖叫。通常，反饋穩定裕度要求為6dB。
When the sound system reaches the specified average sound pressure level, it should have enough sound feedback stability margin to ensure that the system will not self excite and scream due to feedback. Generally, the feedback stability margin is required to be 6dB.
5、聲像與圖像基本一致
5. The sound image is basically consistent with the image
一個(gè)成功的擴音系統應該保證聲像與圖像一致，這樣觀(guān)眾就不會(huì )注意到擴音設備的存在，就像他們直接從舞臺上聽(tīng)到聲音一樣。
A successful public address system should ensure that the sound image is consistent with the image, so that the audience will not notice the existence of the public address equipment, just as they hear the sound directly from the stage.
6、應具有良好的傳輸頻率特性和低失真
6. It should have good transmission frequency characteristics and low distortion
音頻系統應具有寬而平坦的頻率響應和低失真。
The audio system should have wide and flat frequency response and low distortion.
關(guān)于音響工程設計的基本方法，上述內容中已經(jīng)為大家總結完了，從中我們了解到，想要達到的擴聲效果，需要需要低背景噪音、應具有均勻合理的聲壓級、確保清晰的音效、確保系統能夠穩定工作、聲像與圖像要一致、應具有良好的傳輸頻率特性和低失真率，大家在施工的時(shí)候，可以參考上面的方法哦!
As for the basic methods of sound engineering design, the above contents have been summarized for you. We know that to achieve professional sound reinforcement effect, we need low background noise, uniform and reasonable sound pressure level, clear sound effect, stable operation of the system, consistent sound image and image, good transmission frequency characteristics and low fidelity, We can refer to the above methods when we are in construction!
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