一.現代體育場(chǎng)館電聲系統的主要特征大體可以概括為三個(gè)方面：
1、 The main characteristics of electroacoustic system in modern sports venues can be summarized into three aspects:
更加注重場(chǎng)館觀(guān)眾席和場(chǎng)地的聲音效果；
Pay more attention to the sound effect of the auditorium and venue;
為滿(mǎn)足大型體育比賽的開(kāi)幕式、閉幕式或文藝演出的使用需要，更加注重配備相應的"流動(dòng)"擴聲系統；
In order to meet the needs of the opening ceremony, closing ceremony or artistic performance of large-scale sports competitions, more attention should be paid to the allocation of corresponding "mobile" sound reinforcement system;
電聲系統更加注重采用數字化網(wǎng)絡(luò )傳輸與控制系統等。
The electroacoustic system pays more attention to the use of digital network transmission and control system.
二.體育場(chǎng)館電聲系統主要包括有
2、 The electroacoustic system of sports venues mainly includes
1.滿(mǎn)足體育比賽的現場(chǎng)擴聲系統
1. On site sound reinforcement system for sports competition
2.滿(mǎn)足開(kāi)幕式、閉幕式和大型文藝演出的流動(dòng)擴聲系統
2. Mobile sound reinforcement system for opening ceremony, closing ceremony and large-scale artistic performance
3.滿(mǎn)足多級廣播(含緊急廣播)的自動(dòng)優(yōu)先播出系統
3. Automatic priority broadcasting system meeting multi-level broadcasting (including emergency broadcasting)
4.數字網(wǎng)絡(luò )化信號傳遞和控制系統
4. Digital networked signal transmission and control system
5.功放及信號傳送故障自動(dòng)檢測系統等
5. Power amplifier and signal transmission fault automatic detection system, etc
三.體育場(chǎng)館對擴聲系統的基本要求
3、 Basic requirements for sound reinforcement system in stadiums and gymnasiums
1.體育場(chǎng)館經(jīng)常性的使用是體育比賽或群眾集會(huì )，因而對擴聲系統的基求要求是，要保證語(yǔ)言擴聲的可懂度（或清晰度）。這看似簡(jiǎn)單在實(shí)施中要能真正滿(mǎn)足體育場(chǎng)館觀(guān)眾座席（或大多數觀(guān)眾座席）具有良好的聽(tīng)聞并非易事。
1. Stadiums and gymnasiums are often used for sports competitions or mass gatherings. Therefore, the basic requirement for sound reinforcement system is to ensure the intelligibility (or clarity) of language sound reinforcement. This seems simple. It is not easy to really meet the good hearing of stadium audience seats (or most audience seats) in implementation.
2.體育場(chǎng)館的使用如果有大型運動(dòng)會(huì )的開(kāi)幕式、閉幕式或大型高水平的文藝演出，這時(shí)擴聲系統配以高質(zhì)量的"流動(dòng)系統"與原有的"固定"安裝系統聯(lián)合使用，會(huì )效果較佳也是比較經(jīng)濟的方式。
2. If the use of stadiums and gymnasiums has the opening ceremony, closing ceremony of large-scale sports games or large-scale high-level literary and artistic performances, the sound reinforcement system is combined with high-quality "mobile system" and the original "fixed" installation system, which will have better effect and more economical way.
3.現代體育場(chǎng)館的觀(guān)眾群體有別于傳統的"觀(guān)眾"，更多的是支持參賽隊的"球迷"拉拉隊，體育比賽過(guò)程氣氛熱烈。但是對擴聲而言"背景噪聲"級增大了且是無(wú)規的，在擴聲系統設計中應予以充分注意。
3. The audience group of modern stadiums and gymnasiums is different from the traditional "audience", which is more cheerleaders of "fans" supporting the participating teams, and the atmosphere during the sports competition is warm. However, for sound reinforcement, the "background noise" level is increased and random, which should be paid full attention to in the design of sound reinforcement system.
四.體育場(chǎng)館聲學(xué)特性規范
4、 Specification for acoustic characteristics of sports venues
體育館聲學(xué)特性規范
Specification for acoustic characteristics of Gymnasiums
比賽大廳基本分為，綜合體育館比賽大廳；游泳館比賽大廳和溜冰館等。
The competition hall is basically divided into comprehensive gymnasium and competition hall; Swimming pool, competition hall and skating hall, etc.
體育場(chǎng)的聲學(xué)特性
Acoustic characteristics of stadium
體育場(chǎng)聲學(xué)特性目前國內尚無(wú)成文的規范可循。近來(lái)世界足聯(lián)（FIFA）和德國足協(xié)（DFB）的有關(guān)資料表明，對體育場(chǎng)觀(guān)眾席擴聲穩態(tài)聲壓級的要求為105dB左右。
At present, there is no written specification for the acoustic characteristics of stadiums in China. Recent data from the World Football Association (FIFA) and the German Football Association (DFB) show that the requirement for the steady-state sound pressure level of stadium auditorium sound reinforcement is about 105dB.
2008北京奧運會(huì )對新建或改建體育場(chǎng)館主擴聲系統的聲學(xué)特性指標要求；
Requirements for acoustic characteristics of the main sound reinforcement system of new or reconstructed stadiums and Gymnasiums in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games;
聲壓級：正常使用95dB；聲壓級(緊急廣播)106dB。
Sound pressure level: 95dB in normal use; Maximum sound pressure level (emergency broadcast) 106db.
傳輸頻率特性：語(yǔ)言使用100Hz～ 5KHz ±5dB；
Transmission frequency characteristics: language use 100Hz ~ 5KHz ± 5dB;
音樂(lè )使用100Hz～15KHz ±5dB。
100Hz ~ 15KHz ± 5dB is used for music.
語(yǔ)言清晰度：快速語(yǔ)言傳遞指數RASTI≥0.5。
Language intelligibility: rapid language transmission index RASTI ≥ 0.5.
需要指出的是雖然體育場(chǎng)是非封閉空間，在擴聲設計中也不能簡(jiǎn)單地以自由聲場(chǎng)來(lái)對待這是非常重要的。大多體育場(chǎng)觀(guān)眾席上方多帶有"挑棚"存在聲反射，一個(gè)典型的可容納幾萬(wàn)人座席的體育場(chǎng)空場(chǎng)混響時(shí)間會(huì )長(cháng)達5秒左右，滿(mǎn)場(chǎng)帶觀(guān)眾時(shí)的混響時(shí)間也會(huì )有3秒左右。因而，在擴聲系統設計時(shí)要予以充分的注意。
It should be pointed out that although the stadium is a non enclosed space, it can not be simply treated as a free sound field in the sound reinforcement design, which is very important. Most stadiums are equipped with "booths" above the auditorium, which has sound reflection. The reverberation time of a typical stadium that can accommodate tens of thousands of seats will be about 5 seconds, and the reverberation time of a full audience will be about 3 seconds. Therefore, full attention should be paid to the design of sound reinforcement system.
五.擴聲聲場(chǎng)控制是擴聲系統設計的根本
5、 Sound reinforcement field control is the basis of sound reinforcement system design
擴聲屬于應用聲學(xué)的范疇，無(wú)論是室內或是室外擴聲都不能脫離使用擴聲所處的聲學(xué)環(huán)境(或聲場(chǎng))。擴聲的終效果是建聲與電聲綜合效果的體現，所以擴聲系統設計的基本問(wèn)題是聲學(xué)問(wèn)題，它是在建聲的基礎上完成擴聲聲場(chǎng)的分析與設計計算工作。
Sound reinforcement belongs to the category of applied acoustics. Both indoor and outdoor sound reinforcement cannot be separated from the acoustic environment (or sound field) where sound reinforcement is used. The final effect of sound reinforcement is the embodiment of the comprehensive effect of building sound and electroacoustic, so the basic problem of sound reinforcement system design is acoustic problem. It completes the analysis, design and calculation of sound reinforcement field on the basis of building sound.
如果從擴聲系統聲學(xué)特性指標來(lái)測評一個(gè)擴聲聲場(chǎng)，主要有聲壓級、傳輸頻率特性、聲場(chǎng)不均勻度和傳聲增益等。如果從聽(tīng)感來(lái)評價(jià)一個(gè)擴聲聲場(chǎng)，主要有語(yǔ)言清晰度和音樂(lè )的明晰度以及聲音"諸多屬性"重放的音質(zhì)效果等。
If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the acoustic characteristic index of the sound reinforcement system, it mainly includes the maximum sound pressure level, transmission frequency characteristics, sound field non-uniformity and sound transmission gain. If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the sense of hearing, it mainly includes the clarity of language and music, as well as the sound quality effect of the playback of "many attributes" of sound.
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